Sonic Windmills Portugal
An Acoustic Journey
JUTTA RAVENNA:
Sons circulantes
The composition Sons circulantes is based on field recordings from the Sound Map Portugal, which is part of a project about the unique and fascinating sounds of Portuguese windmills.

The sound map is part of the project Circulating Sounds. As an attempt to create an audible memorial, it is like an archive, a data base for the public. Furthermore, it will provide a valuable foundation for further artistic and scientific research and the production of cultural content (e.g. for strengthening rural areas).

The Universidade Lusófona will open together with the sound artist Jutta Ravenna (Berlin), the initiator of the project, a dialogue of art and culture between Portuguese artists, local festivals, cultural organisations, and owners of windmills interested in the topic of soundscapes with the aim of raising awareness for sound phenomena in nature and society as well as sound art as a multidimensional spatial and temporal art form.
PEDRO REBELO:
Soundscape Moinho de Avis
The sounds of the wind blowing on the claypots installed on the sails of Moinho de Aviz, a beautiful windmill in Portugal's Montejunto mountain. The recording is in binaural format, please listen to it with headphones.
The sound produced by the Moinho da Apelação is a sonic landmark of this place and forms part of its identity. It provides the source material for compositions created by students of natural sciences and sound engineering at the Lusófona University in Lisbon as part of the Archaeology and Soundscapes course (Raquel Castro) in 2023. All compositions are based on field recordings made during an excursion to the Apelação windmill in Loures. This was inspired by a lecture on the fascinating sounds of Portugal's windmills by sound artist Jutta Ravenna (Berlin).
In this sound composition I focused on using the sounds of the wind in conjunction with the sound that most caught my attention, which was the sound of the mill's jars. 

In this composition we can hear the sound of the wind resonating in the jars placed on the mill's blades and my aim was to create a journey of the wind entering the jars and making that characteristic sound and combining these sounds to create a kind of musical chord that reflects the musicality of the mill. 

I added some gear sounds to reflect the whole mechanical and compact side of the mill, because that's what the wind creates that music for, to make the mill work. I tried to mix the sound of the wind as if it were a storm happening in order to reflect the somewhat chaotic character of the sudden movement of the mill.
“O moinho assombrado”

The idea for this composition came from the 360º shot we took of the mill.

Using this shot as a basis, our perception is that we're moving, even when we're standing still, causing discomfort.

I also created several layers from the footage, including a start (which we didn't have in the original footage) and a layer with reverb, to create another layer of strangeness.

I also used the captures we made inside the whelks of the mill, which had an intense and strange sound by their very nature, and processed them in order to create a certain ‘feedback’ internally from that sound.

Finally, I created movement by moving another layer from left to right, which intensifies the purpose and idea proposed for this composition.

In this sound composition I mainly used the sounds from the field recordings made at the mill. 

In addition to these sounds, I also used some sound effects that I think help to complement the narrative. The sound composition begins with sounds from the surrounding area and moves closer to the mill until we enter it and hear the sound of all its mechanisms. 

For the composition I focussed on the hypnotic character of the jars on the mill's blades and its mechanisms and gears. 

Based on this idea, I edited and processed these sounds and added some sound effects to emphasise the hypnotic character that the field recordings gave me. 

The aim of this sound composition is to transport us to the dreamlike and into a kind of trance, just as the natural sounds of the mill do.


For this project I decided to make a sound composition with several layers of processing that turns the recordings of a mill at work into an industrial environment that evokes emotions of strong tension and anxiety.

For this work I found it interesting how it would be possible to transform a ‘Field Recording’ of a simple mill environment, and to what extent it would be possible to model it without taking away its own identity and essence. The aim of this project is to immerse the listener in a soundscape of constant tension, reminiscent of a dystopian aesthetic as in some of the suspenseful scenarios found in films such as ‘The Terminator’, ‘Blade Runner’ or ‘Cyberpunk’.
As part of the Archaeology and Soundscapes course, a proposal was made to create a sound composition based on the recordings made by the Science and Sound Technology students during their visit to the Apelação Windmill in Loures.
The aim of this document is to present and describe the sound composition and its technical and creative process in a brief and contextualised way.

This composition, called ‘The Storm’, lasts 3 minutes and 37 seconds and is intended to conceptually represent the idea of a storm, which evolves based on an abstract construction evoked by various sounds correlated with rain, wind, agitation, commotion and the oscillations caused by the forces of nature. This whole sound experience consists of detaching the source of the sounds from the recordings and introducing them into the artistic and abstract context of the sound composition. The various scattered excerpts from the recordings are articulated in layers of sounds, in superimpositions, in combinations of regular and irregular segments, moulding the overall layout and dynamics of the composition through changes in volume, intensity and density. The sound content of each excerpt was explored and selected beforehand, with the aim of structuring moments of tension caused by a chaotic sound atmosphere, followed by brief respites made up of sustained and long sounds that appear tranquil. All this structuring was made possible thanks to sound editing processes (such as Fades, Crossfades, Splice, and volume automations), creating greater coherence between the different dynamics and rhythms of the excerpts, unifying the composition in a more cohesive and unanimous way.
After articulating the excerpts, we proceeded with the sound processing, using equalisers, dynamic processing, reverb, delay, flanger and chorus effects.

On an aesthetic level, all these tools made it possible to ‘embellish’ and emphasise the sonic qualities of the different recordings. The application of equalisation and compression were decisive in highlighting and adjusting a specific set of frequencies or harmonics, as well as causing variations in timbre between the different sound elements. On a deeper level, these applications allow us to appreciate and experience the sonic details and textures in the foreground. For example, some wind sounds are filtered with equalisation and compressed so that only the 500Hz to 900Hz frequency zone is heard. This frequency zone is emphasised so that you can experience its timbral content in a more perceptible and audible way, without compromising the relationship of coherence with the other elements and the relationship of cohesion with the whole structure of the composition.

The sound effects of reverb, delay, flanger and chorus were fundamental for manipulating depth and spatiality. Many sound elements have delay effects with very short delay times, swinging and oscillating between different directions throughout the sound environment - evoking a sense of agitation and tension. The use of flangers and chorus were mostly applied to wind whistles, where they were emphasised with ripple and modulation effects, giving rise to a more oscillating, unstable and shaky character.

In short, this work is not intended to focus solely on the representation of its concept, nor to limit listening to the varieties of sounds present in the work to their original sources. Rather, it aims to provide an audible experience capable of freely stimulating the expressiveness and abstract appreciation of this composition of sounds, encouraging listeners to explore and experience the nature of the intrinsic qualities of the sounds and their acoustic environment -

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evoking a sense of agitation and tension. The use of flangers and chorus were mostly applied to wind whistles, where they were emphasised with ripple and modulation effects, giving rise to a more oscillating, unstable and shaky character.

In short, this work is not intended to focus solely on the representation of its concept, nor to limit listening to the varieties of sounds present in the work to their original sources. Rather, it aims to provide an audible experience capable of freely stimulating the expressiveness and abstract appreciation of this composition of sounds, encouraging listeners to explore and experience the nature of the intrinsic qualities of the sounds and their acoustic environment.
As part of the National Windmill Days 2023, a sound performance installation took place at and in front of the Caixeiros windmill. Berlin-based sound artist Jutta Ravenna recorded the sounds of the windmill with microphones and processed them live on site in an improvisation with her special equipment, mobile and rotating speakers (Leslie speakers built from old Hammond organs and controlled by computer). By hoisting the sails and driving the windmill, the miller was an active part of the concert. The audience had the opportunity to follow the concert through the open door of the windmill and outside in the surrounding square the fantastic sound of the rotating Buzios and Jarras with the loudspeakers.
Supported by:

The University of Lusófona in Lisbon,
Etnoideia, Sonoscopia Associação Cultural,
Cim Oeste and the City of Torres Vedras
SONS CIRCULANTES Moinho de Apelação

Eunice Artur, Jutta Ravenna and Nuno Torres
PERFORMANCE 2023

Apelacao audience outdoors
Close to the airport of Lisbon, embedded in its specific acoustic environment of moving airplanes in the sky, an audiovisual performance will take place at and in the Apelação windmill. Due to its rotating blades, the windmill could be interpreted as a kinetic sound object. The windmill as a sound source is oscillating between stability and instability according to the wind energy within several "acoustic resonators": oscillating buzios and jarras in space tuned to different frequencies. In an electroacoustic and instrumental LIVE Performance, the immersive sound space inside and outside the mill will be enriched by the sonic intervention of the Duo Nuno Torres (alto saxophone and electronics) and Jutta Ravenna (Leslie Speakers). In an audiovisual performance, artist Eunice Artur will use the mechanics inside the mill to create a "partitura" (a score) in direct contact with metric movements and vibrations of the millstone. 

After the concert, visitors will have the opportunity to speak with the artists personally in an artist talk.
Participating artists
Nuno Torres
Born in 1977 in Lisbon, Nuno Torres is a musician and sound artist who completed his Master's degree in Music at the FCSH of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He is a member of the Contemporary Music Research Group at the Centre for Studies in Sociology and Musical Aesthetics. He studied music at the Hot Clube de Portugal in saxophone. He is currently an assistant professor at the College in Caldas da Rainha.

Torres is developing a career in saxophone research, focusing on the exploration of a wide range of sound material through the use of "extended techniques" and electroacoustics. He participates in and promotes several new media and network music projects. Recently he has been involved in works in the field of sound art. He participates in several ensembles for improvised, experimental and reductionist music. In addition to international concerts, discography of several titles released mainly on Creative Sources and Clean Feed.
https://nunotorres.nethttps://nunotorres.bandcamp.com/music
Eunice Artur
Eunice Artur (Portugal, 1981) is a visual artist and performer. Studied contemporary art at the University of Aveiro with the research project "Nomadic wandering - drawing as a re-encounter with a place". Her research includes drawing, photography, video, sculpture, installation, sound and performance. She often collaborates with musicians, resulting in performances that explore the relationship and fusion of sound and drawing through the world of graphic notation. Her work has been exhibited in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, the UK and Canada.

She takes the spatial drawing as a living organism that vibrates in different forms and forms a moving body. What emerges from this?
https://cargocollective.com/partiduraproject/Partidura-5
Jutta Ravenna
Born in Düsseldorf, Germany, Ravenna studied visual arts and music in Düsseldorf and Berlin. As sound-artist, she works with kinetic objects. On the border between visual art and music, she researches intermodal perceptional qualities between acoustics and visual themes, mostly with site-specific installations. Since 1994 examples of works in lakes, abandoned shipyards, a gelatine-factory, old churches and monasteries, radio stations and universities. Several shows in Germany and abroad, among others: Filmfestival São Paulo, Goethe Center Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Soundtower St. Pölten, DARB-1718 Cairo, Egypt, Sound Art Gallery SA))_Gallery Moscow, Festival for Music and Light Berlin, singuhr hoergalerie Berlin, Villa Contarini Padua, Deutsche Telekom Berlin, Akademie der Künste Berlin. Since 2016 she is member of Errant Sound. Ravenna was co-founder of the events "Klangkunst im Dialog" (1996) and curator of the Festival “Sonifications” 2017 at Berlin Society for New Music.
https://www.jutta-ravenna.com/
The sound art project “Circulating Sounds” is supported by:

Sonoscopia Associação Cultural, the Goethe Institute, the Lusófona University and the City of Camarate, Unhos e Apelação
JUTTA RAVENNA 2023
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